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With the development of economy, China is facing the contradiction between urban development and the shortage of urban space resources.This article takes the small and medium-sized underground stations on the Guanhui Intercity Railway and the Changzhutan Intercity Railway as the main research objects of this thesis; Analyze the influencing factors of the space performance of the underground station, and design the BP neural network structure based on this; According to the preparation of relevant technical data, Anylogic is used to simulate the setting of simulation parameters and current station operation, to extract ideal samples, and to build and train the underground station Spatial performance characteristic analysis model.Finally, the spatial performance optimization method of Intercity Railway Underground Station Based on neural network is summarized, the optimization process is sorted out, the numerical optimization results are obtained, and the optimization scheme is proposed to verify the effectiveness of the method.