Outubro 2023 vol. 11 num. 4 - 15th International Conference of the European Academy of Design

Full paper - Open Access.

Idioma principal | Segundo idioma

Positive Solitude: Rethinking public open space design in densely populated urban contexts. A Study in Hong Kong

Positive Solitude: Rethinking public open space design in densely populated urban contexts. A Study in Hong Kong

Bi, Xia ;

Full paper:

"Environmental design to facilitate positive solitude (PS) has been increasingly emphasised. This PhD research will examine the concept of positive solitude and its relevance to public open space design in densely populated urban areas, with a focus on Hong Kong. More than half of Hong Kong residents visit public open spaces on a solitary basis, but there is a lack of appropriate public space design to support and improve the quality of solitary activities. This research will develop a theoretical framework combining self-determination theory and PERMA theory that can assist designers in supporting and improving the quality of solitary activities in such spaces. A mixed-methods approach is planned involving direct observation, on-site interviews, on-site questionnaires and spatial analysis. The PhD research will generate design recommendations and guides, provide new perspectives on public open space design and help designers cater to the diverse needs of users. "

Full paper:

"Environmental design to facilitate positive solitude (PS) has been increasingly emphasised. This PhD research will examine the concept of positive solitude and its relevance to public open space design in densely populated urban areas, with a focus on Hong Kong. More than half of Hong Kong residents visit public open spaces on a solitary basis, but there is a lack of appropriate public space design to support and improve the quality of solitary activities. This research will develop a theoretical framework combining self-determination theory and PERMA theory that can assist designers in supporting and improving the quality of solitary activities in such spaces. A mixed-methods approach is planned involving direct observation, on-site interviews, on-site questionnaires and spatial analysis. The PhD research will generate design recommendations and guides, provide new perspectives on public open space design and help designers cater to the diverse needs of users. "

Download (PDF)

Palavras-chave: Positive solitude, public open space, densely populated urban context, spatial design, self-determination theory,

Palavras-chave: Positive solitude, public open space, densely populated urban context, spatial design, self-determination theory,

DOI: 10.5151/ead2023-4ESP-01Full-12Xia-Bi

Referências bibliográficas
  • [1] Altman, I., & Zube, E. H. (Eds.). (1989). Public Places and Spaces. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5601-1
  • [2] Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interpersonal Development, 57–89.
  • [3] Bond, C. F., & Titus, L. J. (1983). Social facilitation: A meta-analysis of 241 studies. Psychological Bulletin, 94(2), 265–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.94.2.265
  • [4] Burger, J. M. (1995). Individual differences in preference for solitude. Journal of Research in Personality, 29(1), 85–108.
  • [5] Carmona, M. (2019a). Principles for public space design, planning to do better. URBAN DESIGN International, 24(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41289-018-0070-3
  • [6] Carmona, M. (2019b). Principles for public space design, planning to do better. URBAN DESIGN International, 24(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41289-018-0070-3
  • [7] Carmona, M. (2021). Public places urban spaces: The dimensions of urban design. Routledge.
  • [8] Carmona, M., De Magalhaes, C., & Hammond, L. (2008). Public space: The management dimension. Routledge.
  • [9] Carr, S., Francis, M., Rivlin, L. G., & Stone, A. M. (1992). Public space. Cambridge University Press.
  • [10] Coplan, R. J., Bowker, J. C., Nelson, L. J., & Wiley-Blackwell (Firm) (Eds.). (2021). The handbook of solitude: Psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone (Second edition). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • [11] Coplan, R. J., Ooi, L. L., & Baldwin, D. (2019). Does it matter when we want to be alone? Exploring developmental timing effects in the implications of unsociability. New Ideas in Psychology, 53, 47–57.
  • [12] Coplan, R. J., Zelenski, J. M., & Bowker, J. C. (2017). Leave well enough alone? The costs and benefits of solitude. In Subjective well-being and life satisfaction (pp. 129–147). Routledge.
  • [13] de Macedo, P. F., Ornstein, S. W., & Elali, G. A. (2022). Privacy and housing: Research perspectives based on a systematic literature review. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 37(2), 653–683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-022-09939-z
  • [14] Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
  • [15] Detrixhe, J. J., Samstag, L. W., Penn, L. S., & Wong, P. S. (2014). A Lonely Idea: Solitude’s Separation from Psychological Research and Theory. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 50(3), 310–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2014.897853
  • [16] Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2005). Self-construal, reference groups, and brand meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 378–389.
  • [17] Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8
  • [18] Her, E., & Seo, S. (2018). Why not eat alone? The effect of other consumers on solo dining intentions and the mechanism. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 70, 16–24.
  • [19] Jian, I. Y., Chan, E. H. W., Xu, Y., & Owusu, E. K. (2021). Inclusive public open space for all: Spatial justice with health considerations. Habitat International, 118, 102457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102457
  • [20] Lai, C. (2018). Open Space Opinion Survey, Civic Exchange, 57-58
  • [21] Lai, H., Flies, E. J., Weinstein, P., & Woodward, A. (2019). The impact of green space and biodiversity on health. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 17(7), 383–390.
  • [22] Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1978). Experiential correlates of time alone in adolescence1. Journal of Personality, 46(4), 677–693. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1978.tb00191.x
  • [23] Law, L. (2002). Defying disappearance: Cosmopolitan public spaces in Hong Kong. Urban Studies, 39(9), 1625–1645.
  • [24] Lay, J. C. (2018). Alone but not lonely? Distinct types, antecedents, and correlates of older and younger adults’ daily life solitude experiences in two cultural contexts [University of British Columbia]. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0368723
  • [25] Mastro, D. E. (2003). A social identity approach to understanding the impact of television messages. Communication Monographs, 70(2), 98–113.
  • [26] Nguyen, T. T., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). The possibilities of aloneness and solitude: Developing an understanding framed through the lens of human motivation and needs. The Handbook of Solitude: Psychological Perspectives on Social Isolation, Social Withdrawal, and Being Alone, 224–239.
  • [27] Nguyen, T. T., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). Who enjoys solitude? Autonomous functioning (but not introversion) predicts self-determined motivation (but not preference) for solitude. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0267185. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267185
  • [28] Nguyen, T., & Taylor-Bower, E. (2023). Solitude in Context: A Systematic Review of How Social Norms and Physical Environment Shape Perceptions of Solitary Experiences.
  • [29] Ost Mor, S., Palgi, Y., & Segel-Karpas, D. (2021). The Definition and Categories of Positive Solitude: Older and Younger Adults’ Perspectives on Spending Time by Themselves. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 93(4), 943–962. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415020957379
  • [30] Ost-Mor, S., Palgi, Y., & Segel-Karpas, D. (2021). Exploring gaps in positive solitude perceptions: Older adults vs. gerontology professionals. International Psychogeriatrics, 33(12), 1253–1263. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220003555
  • [31] Palgi, Y., Segel-Karpas, D., Ost Mor, S., Hoffman, Y., Shrira, A., & Bodner, E. (2021). Positive Solitude Scale: Theoretical Background, Development and Validation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(8), 3357–3384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00367-4
  • [32] Pedersen, D. M. (1997). Psychological functions of privacy. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 17(2), 147–156.
  • [33] Planning Department. (2022). Recreation, Open Space & Greening. Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines, 4 (4)
  • [34] Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466
  • [35] Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A new understanding of life’s greatest Goals—And what it takes to reach them. New York: Free Press.
  • [36] Shi, S., Gou, Z., & Chen, L. H. C. (2014). How does enclosure influence environmental preferences? A cognitive study on urban public open spaces in Hong Kong. Sustainable Cities and Society, 13, 148–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2014.04.011
  • [37] Siu, K. W. M. (2001). The practice of everyday space: The reception of planned open space in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Hong Kong).
  • [38] Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Organizational Identity: A Reader, 56(65), 9780203505984–16.
  • [39] Thomas, V. (2021). Solitude skills and the private self. Qualitative Psychology, No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified. https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000218
  • [40] Tieben, H. (2016). Public space trends in Hong Kong. A view from the new territories. The Journal of Public Space, 1(1), 25–34.
  • [41] Turner, J. C. (2010). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior.
  • [42] Villanueva, K., Badland, H., Hooper, P., Koohsari, M. J., Mavoa, S., Davern, M., Roberts, R., Goldfeld, S., & Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Developing indicators of public open space to promote health and wellbeing in communities. Applied Geography, 57, 112–119.
  • [43] Weinstein, N., Hansen, H., & Nguyen, T. (2022). Definitions of Solitude in Everyday Life. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 014616722211159. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221115941
  • [44] White, K., & Dahl, D. W. (2007). Are all out-groups created equal? Consumer identity and dissociative influence. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 525–536."
Como citar:

Bi, Xia; "Positive Solitude: Rethinking public open space design in densely populated urban contexts. A Study in Hong Kong", p. 817-826 . In: 15th International Conference of the European Academy of Design. São Paulo: Blucher, 2023.
ISSN 2318-6968, DOI 10.5151/ead2023-4ESP-01Full-12Xia-Bi

últimos 30 dias | último ano | desde a publicação


downloads


visualizações


indexações